Zika Virus Five Key Facts
Five key facts of the Zika virus according to the Worldwide Health Organization (WHO) as of January 2016
Zika Virus Five Key Facts
·
A virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes causes the Zika virus.
·
People with Zika virus usually have a mild fever, skin rash and conjunctivitis normally lasting for 2-7 days.
·
There is no specific treatment or
vaccine currently available.
·
The Zika virus is known to circulate presently
in North and South America, Asia, and the Pacific. The only country in Africa
known to have a Zika transmission is Capo Verde.
Zika
virus is an emerging mosquito-borne virus that was first identified in Uganda
in 1947 in rhesus monkeys through a monitoring network of sylvatic yellow
fever.
Signs and Symptoms
The
incubation period (the time from exposure to symptoms) of Zika virus disease is
not clear, but is likely to be a few days. The symptoms are fever, skin rashes,
conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache. These symptoms
are usually mild and last for 2-7 days.
Transmission
Zika
virus is transmitted to people through the bite of an infected mosquito in
tropical regions. More than 13 countries in the Americas have reported sporadic
Zika virus infections indicating rapid geographic expansion of Zika virus.
Diagnosis
Zika
virus is diagnosed through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and virus isolation
from blood samples.
Prevention
Mosquitoes
and their breeding sites pose a significant risk factor for Zika virus
infection. Prevention and control relies on reducing mosquitoes through source
reduction and reducing contact between mosquitoes and people. Prime time for mosquitoes bites is at dawn and at dusk. Travelers should
take the basic precautions to protect themselves from mosquito bites. It takes two days for the Aedes mosquito to transition from egg to biting female adult.
The Aedes mosquito |
Treatment
Zika
virus disease is usually relatively mild and requires no specific treatment.
People sick with Zika virus should get plenty of rest, drink enough fluids, and
treat pain and fever with common medicines. If symptoms worsen, they should
seek medical care and advice. There is currently no vaccine available.
Zika and Pregnancy
Recently
in Brazil, local health authorities have observed an increase in Zika virus
infections in the public as well as an increase in babies born with
microcephaly in northeast Brazil. Microcephaly is the abnormal smallness of the
head, a congenital condition associated with incomplete brain development.
According
to WHO, agencies investigating the Zika outbreaks are finding an increasing
body of evidence about the link between Zika virus and microcephaly. However,
more investigation is needed before we understand the relationship between
microcephaly in babies and the Zika virus. Other potential causes are also
being investigated however, as of February 5, 2016, the Zika virus is strongly suspected in certain microcephaly cases in the Americas.